{"id":39413,"date":"2014-11-18T18:05:00","date_gmt":"2014-11-18T15:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history062014\/"},"modified":"2022-07-27T16:30:30","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T13:30:30","slug":"history062014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles\/history062014\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 6\/2014, Volume 22"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art01\">\u201e\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u201c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 [The War to End All Wars] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/ Borislav Gavrilo<\/em>v &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 583<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art02\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 90-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 [The Collapse of the Multinational States in Central and Eastern Europe in the 90s of XX Century. Causes and Consequences] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u042f\u043d \u0420\u0438\u0445\u043b\u0438\u043a \/ Yan Rychlik<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 590<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>FROM ANTIQUITY TO NOWADAYS \/\u00a0 \u041e\u0422 \u0414\u0420\u0415\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u041e \u0414\u041d\u0415\u0421<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art03\">\u0420\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044a\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e) [Early Byzantine Silver Dish from North Bulgaria (An Attempt to Analyze a Century Later)] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \/\u00a0 Georgi Dimov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 598<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art04\">\u0426\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0413\u0435\u0439\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0445 (428 \u2013 477) \u0438 \u0425\u0443\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0445 (477 \u2013 484) [Church and Religion in the Vandal Kingdom During the Reign of King Geiseric (428 \u2013 477) and King Hunerih (477-484)] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0432 \/ Antoan Tonev<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 611<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art05\">\u0421\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e [Pulievi\u2019 Subscription Activity During the Revival Period] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u0432\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Ivaylo Naydenov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 626<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>APPROACHES IN TEACHING \/ \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art06\">\u201e\u0412\u044f\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u201c \u2013 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430?\/\u00a0 [\u201eWind of Change\u201c \u2013 is it Possible to Change?] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u041a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \/ Kina Kotlarska<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 648<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>IN MEMORIAM \/ \u0412 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422 \u041d\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art07\">\u201e\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0445\u0432\u0430\u201c \u2013 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430 [The History that Makes us Smile (In Memoriam of Prof. Rumyana Kusheva)]\u00a0 \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Krasimira Tabakova<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 654<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>REVIEWS AND ANNOTATIONS\/ \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f [New Research Perspectives to the Bulgarians in Hungary]\u00a0 \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430-\u0420\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 662<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>GUARDIANS OF THE MEMORY\/ \u041f\u0410\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u0422\u0410 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>40 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 [40 Years Thracian Treasures Amaze the World] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432 \/ Stoyan Denchev<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 667<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art08\">\u0414\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u201e40 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u201c [Digital Applications to the Exhibition \u201c40 Years Tracian Exhibition in the World\u201c\/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0424\u043e\u043b \/ Valeria Fol<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 670<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANNUAL CONTENTS \/ \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u0428\u041d\u041e \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 <\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440. 674<\/p>\n<p><strong>READ IN THE LASTES ISSUES OF THE \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS \/\u00a0 <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>READ IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS<\/strong> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 682<\/p>\n<p><strong>GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 684<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art01\"><\/a>\u00a0\u201e\u041f\u041e\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410\u201c \u0412\u041e\u0419\u041d\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1914 \u2013 1918 \u0433. \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0431\u0438, \u0442\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438. \u0415\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: First World War, Europe, politic, diplomacy, war<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE WAR TO END ALL WARS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0410bstract.<\/strong> The Great War of 1914 \u2013 1918 marks the division not only of two centuries but of two epochs. Destroying millions of lives, the war destroys the hopes and illusions and creates a physical and psychological boundary between the imperial past and the world of modern national states.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Borislav Gavrilov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Faculty of History University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0420\u0410\u0417\u041f\u0410\u0414\u0410\u041d\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0412\u0418 \u0412 \u0421\u0420\u0415\u0414\u041d\u0410 \u0418 \u0418\u0417\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0410 <\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 90-\u0422\u0415 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u0425\u0425 \u0412\u0415\u041a. \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u0418\u0426\u0418 (\u0410\u041a\u0410\u0414\u0415\u041c\u0418\u0427\u041d\u041e \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u041e)1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u042f\u043d \u0420\u0438\u0445\u043b\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XIX \u0432. \u2013 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f, \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0440\u0431\u0438, \u0445\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e-\u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 1989 \u0433. \u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: multinational empires, Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Poland<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE COLLAPSE OF THE MULTINATIONAL STATES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE 90S OF XX CENTURY. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents some of the events that happened in the two biggest multinational empires in Europe in the 19th century \u2013the Russian and the Habsburg. The processes in Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Poland after the collapse of Austria-Hungary are being\u00a0 analyzed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Yan Rychlik Charles<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University in Prague <\/em><br \/>\n<em>Ovocn\u00fd trh 3-5<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0420\u0410\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0422\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u041e \u0421\u0420\u0415\u0411\u042a\u0420\u041d\u041e \u0411\u041b\u042e\u0414\u041e \u041e\u0422 \u0421\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0417\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f (\u041e\u041f\u0418\u0422 \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417 \u0412\u0415\u041a \u041f\u041e-\u041a\u042a\u0421\u041d\u041e) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Balkan Studies and Centre of Thracology \u2013 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u043e \u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 XX \u0432. \u0417\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d (\u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e) \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Ecclesiastical Silver Treasures, Byzantine Silver Stamps, Byzantine Art,\u00a0 Byzantine Archaeology, Byzantine Silver Plates<\/p>\n<p><strong>EARLY BYZANTINE SILVER DISH FROM NORTH BULGARIA (AN ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE A CENTURY LATER)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.\u00a0<\/strong> In this paper we present a Byzantine plate accidentally discovered in the lands of Northeastern Bulgaria since the beginning of XX century. Unfortunately, the issue of finding in Svetlen (Popovo) remained only fragment that is subsequently stored in the museum in Razgrad. This happened once in 1925 discoverers of this invaluable work of Byzantine toreutics not cut silver dish and sharing it with each other. Therefore the aim of our research is not only to be able to determine the purpose and the dating of this ancient plate, but to try to recover approximately its parameters, overall appearance and image.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Georgi Dimov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of Balkan Studies and Centre of Thracology <\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0426\u042a\u0420\u041a\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u0420\u0415\u041b\u0418\u0413\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u041a\u0420\u0410\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u0412\u0410\u041d\u0414\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0418 \u0410\u041b\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u0418 \u041a\u0420\u0410\u041b\u0415\u0422\u0415 \u0413\u0415\u0419\u0417\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0425 (428 \u2013 477) \u0418 \u0425\u0423\u041d\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0425 (477 \u2013 484)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0430 reges Vandalorum et Alanorum \u2013 \u0413\u0435\u0439\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0425\u0443\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0445. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043c\u0438\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043c\u0438\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0413\u0435\u0439\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0425\u0443\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044f\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 gens Vandalorum, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u201c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Vandals, Alans, Barbarians, Barbarian kingdoms, church, religion, Homoean<\/p>\n<p><strong>CHURCH AND RELIGION IN THE VANDAL KINGDOM DURING THE REIGN OF KING GEISERIC (428 \u2013 477) AND KING HUNERIH (477 \u2013 484)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article aims to reveal some of the most important problems related to the development, character and importance of the church and religion in the Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans in North Africa during the reign of the first two reges Vandalorum et Alanorum \u2013 Geiseric and Huneric. The focus is on the formation, maintenance and confirmation of the Homoean church, which is supported by the central government and which formed the basis of the Vandal identity. I also draw attention to the Nicene church which was the major opponent of the church organization supported by Vandal kings. I study not only the ideological disputes between the two churches, but also the involvement of the central government in religious life. I research the different periods of initial construction of Homoean church during the reign of king Geiseric and I also examine the attempt of king Huneric to impose his faith not only on the gens Vandalorum, but also on a part of the local indigenous population. In the conclusion I outline the importance of the church and religion for the Vandal kingdom and for the Vandal people. The main source for this article is &#8222;History of the persecutions in Africa&#8220; written by Bishop Victor of Vita.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Antoan Tonev, PhD student<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Faculty of History <\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0421\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0423\u041b\u0418\u0415\u0412\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 \u0415\u041f\u041e\u0425\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0412\u042a\u0417\u0420\u0410\u0416\u0414\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ivaylo Naydenov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0418\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1835 \u2013 1875 \u0433. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e 45 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e 42 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 3 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a) \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0449\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 40 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0439-\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 (20 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0436\u043e\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 40-\u0442\u0435 \u0438 50-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 XIX \u0432., \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0449 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434. \u0429\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 60-\u0442\u0435 \u0438 70-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0449\u0435\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1872 \u2013 1875 \u0433. \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u041f\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0446\u0438, \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Pulievi, subscription lists, subscription system, old printed books, books\u2019 dissemination, subscribers\u2019 titles<\/p>\n<p><strong>PULIEVI\u2019 SUBSCRIPTION ACTIVITY DURING THE REVIVAL PERIOD <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Subscription lists in old printed books have been valued as an important primary source for reconstruction in the sphere of cultural, economic and social history. They are also valuable for historians because they contain data for genealogical research. Bulgarian historiography has made a lot of efforts to research this material but still there are scientific problems which must be investigated comprehensively. This is the case with the subscription activity of the members of Pulievi family from the town of Karlovo. In existing literature there are some clues devoted to Pulievi\u2019s subscription activities but there is now comprehensive research. From this point of view, I will scrutinize the subscription lists in 45 books from the period 1835 to 1875 (42 in Bulgarian and 3 in Greek). We may encounter different members of Pulievi family as subscribers in textbooks, books with moral and religious content and fiction. Pulievi were much more active during the 1840s and 50s probably because of their economic prosperity and considerable public role. Contrary, during the 1860s and 70s their subscription activity was much more modest. I would like to emphasize that during the period 1872-1875 the most active subscriber was Todor Hristov Puliev. To conclude, I would like to point out that subscribers\u2019 titles which we encounter in the subscription lists confirm people\u2019s respect of Pulievi during the Revival Period.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0002Ivaylo Naydenov,<\/strong><strong>PhD Student<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Faculty of History <\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art06\"><\/a>\u00a0\u201e\u0412\u042f\u0422\u042a\u0420\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041c\u042f\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410\u201c \u2013 \u0412\u042a\u0417\u041c\u041e\u0416\u041d\u0410 \u041b\u0418 \u0415 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041c\u042f\u041d\u0410? \u0412\u0410\u0420\u0418\u0410\u041d\u0422 \u0417\u0410 \u0423\u0420\u041e\u041a \u041f\u041e \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0414\u0415\u0421\u0415\u0422\u0418 \u041a\u041b\u0410\u0421<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0421\u041e\u0423 \u201e\u0415. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u201c \u2013 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0422\u044a\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: history, approaches in teaching, interactive methods<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201eWIND OF CHANGE\u201c \u2013 IS IT POSSIBLE TO CHANGE? METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR HISTORY LESSON IN TENTH GRADE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The main objective of the methodological development is to help history teachers in clarifying the complex changes brought about by the fall of the Berlin Wall. The work is intended for students in the tenth grade.<br \/>\n\u0002<br \/>\n<strong>Mrs. Kina Kotlarska<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Secondary School \u201eEmilian Stanev\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art07\"><\/a>\u00a0\u201e\u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410, \u041a\u041e\u042f\u0422\u041e \u0423\u0421\u041c\u0418\u0425\u0412\u0410\u201c \u2013 \u0421\u0411\u041e\u0420\u041d\u0418\u041a \u0412 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424. \u0420\u0423\u041c\u042f\u041d\u0410 \u041a\u0423\u0428\u0415\u0412\u0410*<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0410\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u00a0 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u201e\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0445\u0432\u0430\u201c,\u00a0 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0434-\u0440 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430 \u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u201e\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430\u201c, \u201e\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u201c, \u201e\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e\u201c. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u044a\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u041a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044a\u0442, \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u044a\u043f\u044a\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Prof. Dr. Rumyana Kusheva, didactics of history, approaches in teaching<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE HISTORY THAT MAKES US SMILE (IN MEMORIAM OF PROF. RUMYANA KUSHEVA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The book &#8222;The History That Makes Us Smile&#8220; is dedicated to the rich and multi-dimensional work of Prof. Dr. Rumyana Kusheva. Its content follows the dynamic relief of her active and creative course of life with its quest for loyalty to the dialogue in the history. The collection involves scientists from Bulgarian and foreign universities and organizations whose articles are arranged in the thematic sections &#8222;Dialogue in History&#8220; , &#8222;History Particles&#8220;, &#8222;Directions in Education&#8220;. The last part of this edition slightly opens the door to a meeting with her as a professional and friend, to the conversations, joint projects and creative support of Prof. Kusheva, the memory of which brings a smile and joy accompanying the enriching communication with her.<br \/>\n\u0002<br \/>\n<strong>Prof. Krasimira Tabakova<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Faculty of History <\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art08\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0414\u0418\u0413\u0418\u0422\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0416\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u041a\u042a\u041c \u0418\u0417\u041b\u041e\u0416\u0411\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u201e40 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u0422\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u041b\u041e\u0416\u0411\u0410 \u041f\u041e \u0421\u0412\u0415\u0422\u0410\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0424\u043e\u043b<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University of Library Studies and Information Technologies \u2013 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u2013 \u043c\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u201e\u041e\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u201c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c \u201e\u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Odrysian kingdom, Thracians, multimedia application<\/p>\n<p><strong>DIGITAL APPLICATIONS TO THE EXHIBITION \u201e40 YEARS TRACIAN EXHIBITION IN THE WORLD\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents two digital product dedicated to the Thracians &#8211; multimedia application &#8222;Odrysian kingdom&#8220; and documentary film &#8222;Ancient Thrace: A Door to Immortality&#8220;.<br \/>\n\u0002<br \/>\n<strong>Prof. Valeria Fol, DSc.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University of Library Studies and Information Technologies<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \u201e\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u201c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 [The War to End All Wars] \/ \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/ Borislav Gavrilov &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 583 &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 90-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 [The Collapse of the Multinational States in Central and Eastern [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[2878],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \u201e\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u201c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 [The War to End All Wars] \/ \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/ Borislav Gavrilov &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 583 &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 90-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 [The Collapse of the Multinational States in Central and Eastern [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history062014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-11-18T15:05:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-27T13:30:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" 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