{"id":41995,"date":"2017-08-23T07:47:30","date_gmt":"2017-08-23T04:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016-2\/4-xxv-2017\/"},"modified":"2022-07-25T12:31:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T09:31:35","slug":"4-xxv-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-2\/4-xxv-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 4\/2017, Volume 25"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"top\"><\/a><strong>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/\u00a0\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art01\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art01\">[Old Great Bulgaria and the Rise of the Ono\u011furs during the Rule of\u00a0Kubrat] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0417\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \/ Stanimir Zvezdov \u2013 p. 351<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art02\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 A\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVI \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 XVIII\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u043a <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">[The Islamization Processes in Anchialo Kaza, XVI \u2013 the Beginning of\u00a0XVIII Century] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u0446\u043e\u0432 \/ Dimitar Nitsov \u2013 p. 371<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art03\">\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f 1918 \u2013 1941 \u0433. \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art03\">[Relations between the Sharia Courts and the State Authorities in Vardar\u00a0Macedonia 1918 \u2013 1941 and the Islamic Religious Community] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043a \/ Rejhan Mandak \u2013 p. 378<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>REVIEWS AND ANOTATIONS \/ \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0422\u044a\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044f<br \/>\n[New Book Presenting the Documentary Heritage\u00a0of the Holy Metropolitanate of Tarnovo]<br \/>\n\/ \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0432 \/ Ivan Roussev \u2013 p. 386<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0415VENTS \/ \u0425\u0420\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0410<\/strong><br \/>\nXIV \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u00a0\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<br \/>\n[14th International Congress of Ottoman Social and Economic\u00a0History at University of Sofia \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d]<br \/>\n\/ \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Nina Hristova \u2013 p. 389<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>GUARDIANS OF THE MEMORY\/ \u041f\u0410\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u0422\u0410<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0423\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438<br \/>\n[The Historical Memory in the\u00a0Context of the Saving of the Jews during the Second World War]<br \/>\n\/ \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0443\u0448 \u0428\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 \/ Mateusz Szpytma \u2013 p. 393<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art04\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art04\">[The Aid for the Jews during the Second World War. New Aspects] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0423\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \/ Marcin Urynowicz \u2013 p. 397<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art05\">\u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u201e\u0416\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u201c) \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art05\">[The Polish Council to Aid Jews \u201cJegota\u201d in the Structure of the\u00a0Polish Underground State] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Waldemar Grabowski \u2013 p. 425<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art06\">\u0415\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1942 \u2013 1945 \u0433. <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art06\">[Jews Fled from the Ghettos and Camps in the\u00a0Territory of the Occupied Poland in the Period 1942 \u2013 1945] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ \u0413\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0436 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442 \/ Grzegorz Berendt \u2013 p. 425<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>READ IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF THE \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS \/ \u0412 \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u0420\u041e\u0415\u0412\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0418\u0421\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e ,,\u0410\u0417 \u0411\u0423\u041a\u0418\u201c \u0427\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art01\"><\/a>\u0421\u0422\u0410\u0420\u0410 \u0412\u0415\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u0412\u042a\u0417\u0425\u041e\u0414\u042a\u0422\u00a0\u041d\u0410 \u0423\u041d\u041e\u0413\u0423\u041d\u0414\u0423\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u0418 \u041a\u0410\u041d \u041a\u0423\u0411\u0420\u0410\u0422<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0417\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University of Plovdiv \u201cPaisii Hilendarski\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 (VII \u0432.). \u0429\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> khan Kubrat; Old Great Bulgaria; Protobulgarians; Khazars; Turks<\/p>\n<p><strong>OLD GREAT BULGARIA AND THE RISE OF THE ONO\u011eURS\u00a0DURING THE RULE OF KUBRAT<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article deals with the genesis and development of Old Great Bulgaria, founded by khan Kubrat in the VII century. We will use all extant sources, as well as most of the existing literature on the subject.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Stanimir Zvezdov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University of Plovdiv<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u041f\u0420\u041e\u042f\u0412\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0421\u041b\u042f\u041c\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0410\u041d\u0425\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0421\u041a\u0410\u00a0\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 XVI \u2013 \u041d\u0410\u0427\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 XVIII \u0412\u0415\u041a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u0446\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 XV \u2013 XVIII \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0440\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u00a0\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u044f. \u041c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u2013\u00a0\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u044a\u0446\u0438, \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00a0\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0440\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> islamisation; Ottoman Empire; sons of Abdullah; sipahis; Anchialo<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ISLAMIZATION PROCESSES IN ANCHIALO KAZA,\u00a0XVI \u2013 THE BEGINNING OF XVIII CENTURY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The Islamization processes affect the territory of Anchialo kaza, like\u00a0the other Rumelian lands. The motives of most of the converts are clear \u2013 salvation\u00a0from slavery, less taxes, the possibility of permanent financial support from any\u00a0income source and the possibility of career development in the Ottoman ruling\u00a0party.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Dimitar Nitsov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Pomorie Municipal History Museum<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>\u041e\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0428\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0410\u0422\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415\u00a0\u0421\u042a\u0414\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0429\u0410 \u0421 \u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0412\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0412\u041b\u0410\u0421\u0422\u00a0\u0412\u042a\u0412 \u0412\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u041c\u0410\u041a\u0415\u0414\u041e\u041d\u0418\u042f 1918 \u2013 1941 \u0413.\u00a0\u0418 \u0418\u0421\u041b\u042f\u041c\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0420\u0415\u041b\u0418\u0413\u0418\u041e\u0417\u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0411\u0429\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043a\u044a\u043c\u00a0\u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430. \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u044f\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e. \u0421 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u044e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u00a0\u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u00a0\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u044a\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e<br \/>\n\u0438 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Sharia law; religious institutions; Vardar Macedonia; Yugoslavia;\u00a0Muslims<\/p>\n<p><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SHARIA COURTS\u00a0AND THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN VARDAR MACEDONIA\u00a01918 \u2013 1941 AND THE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Abstract.<\/strong> In this article the application of Sharia law over the Muslim population of Vardar Macedonia is demonstrated. The application of Sharia Law form the establishment of Ottoman rule until the end of the Second World War is directly\u00a0related to functioning of state Sharia courts. In this era the Sharia law is part of the\u00a0positive law. With the change in the historical and political context in the aftermath\u00a0of First World War, the Sharia court have been included in the Yugoslavian secular\u00a0state as a structure, relatively independent form the Muslim religious authority,\u00a0which is based on principles of spiritual hierarchy. Its application have had a positive\u00a0impact, preserving the Muslim population`s identity. After the Second World War\u00a0the Sharia court are dismissed. From the legal-normative point of view it is not\u00a0possible to state that this is Sharia law, because there is a lack of state coercion,\u00a0which is one of the prerequisites to talk about law. After this point, the essence of\u00a0sharia ruling is preserved via moral relations and obligations, customs and traditions\u00a0and the work of the religious institutions as well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Rejhan Mandak<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>E-mail: rejhanm@yahoo.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0429 \u0417\u0410 \u0415\u0412\u0420\u0415\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041f\u041e \u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0410\u00a0\u0421\u0412\u0415\u0422\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0410 \u0412\u041e\u0419\u041d\u0410. \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418 \u0410\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0423\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 1945 \u0433. \u0411\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u00a0\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u00a0\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441.\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0443\u043a\u00a0\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> World War II; organized and individual aid for the Jews; Council for\u00a0Jewish Assistance; repression against Poles<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE AID FOR THE JEWS DURING THE SECOND\u00a0WORLD WAR. NEW ASPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The issue of the aid given by the Polish to the Jewish community during the Second World War turned out to be heavily neglected in the historical researches after 1945. This article provides guidance for future research on this\u00a0issue.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Marcin Urynowicz<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u0421\u042a\u0412\u0415\u0422\u042a\u0422 \u0417\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0429 \u041d\u0410 \u0415\u0412\u0420\u0415\u0418\u0422\u0415\u00a0(\u201e\u0416\u0415\u0413\u041e\u0422\u0410\u201c) \u0412 \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0423\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410\u00a0\u041d\u0415\u041b\u0415\u0413\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0410 \u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0412\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u043a\u044a\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0414\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438. \u0410\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430\u00a0\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0406\u0406 \u0416\u0435\u0447\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u00a0\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 1942 \u0433. \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438,\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u0421 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u00a0\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u201e\u0416\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u201c). \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Polish Underground State; Polish Council to Aid Jews; Government\u00a0of the Republic of Poland in exile; Holocaust<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE POLISH COUNCIL TO AID JEWS \u201cJEGOTA\u201d\u00a0IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE POLISH UNDERGROUND STATE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The persecution of the Polish society by German occupiers is the cause of both individual and institutional support actions. As part of the actions of the Polish Underground State, such an action is carried out by the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile, and in particular the Department of Labor and Social Welfare. The aid action are aimed at both repressed and threatened by\u00a0reprisals, citizens of the Polish state, regardless of their religion and nationality.\u00a0Due to the particularly brutal behavior of the Germans, directed directly at the\u00a0destruction of the entire Jewish people, the authorities of the Polish State, together\u00a0with many public and political organizations, held an organized action to help the\u00a0Jews from the end of 1942. To this end, the Polish Council to Aid Jews (&#8222;Jegota&#8220;)\u00a0was established. Within his modest possibilities, the Council was making efforts to\u00a0save as many Jews as possible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr hab. Waldemar Grabowski<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art06\"><\/a>\u0415\u0412\u0420\u0415\u0418, \u0418\u0417\u0411\u042f\u0413\u0410\u041b\u0418 \u041e\u0422 \u0413\u0415\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0418 \u041b\u0410\u0413\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415\u00a0\u041d\u0410 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041e\u041a\u0423\u041f\u0418\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u0428\u0410\u00a0\u0412 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0418\u041e\u0414\u0410 1942 \u2013 1945 \u0413.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0436 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0413\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044f\u0433\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0439\u0445 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430.\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442a\u00a0\u201e\u042f\u0434 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u201c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0447\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c\u00a0\u0442.\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e 60 \u0445\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438. \u0425\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u044a\u043b\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438, \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u044a\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u2013 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Jews; escapes; ghettos; camps; Poland<\/p>\n<p><strong>JEWS FLED FROM THE GHETTOS AND CAMPS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE OCCUPIED POLAND IN THE PERIOD 1942-1945<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article deals wiht the phenomenon of Jews that managed to escape from the ghettos and the camps in the territory of German-occupied Poland.<br \/>\nIn the analysis of the data from the encyclopaedia of the ghettos, published by the Institute Yad Vashem, as well as from the literature on the subject, the author found that at least 60 000 Jews has fled to the so called Aria area in occupied Poland.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Grzegorz Berendt<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University of Gdansk<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/\u00a0\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 [Old Great Bulgaria and the Rise of the Ono\u011furs during the Rule of\u00a0Kubrat] \/ \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0417\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \/ Stanimir Zvezdov \u2013 351 \u0441\u0442\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 A\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVI \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 XVIII\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[3488],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/\u00a0\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 [Old Great Bulgaria and the Rise of the Ono\u011furs during the Rule of\u00a0Kubrat] \/ \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0417\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \/ Stanimir Zvezdov \u2013 351 \u0441\u0442\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 A\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVI \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 XVIII\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u043a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-2\/4-xxv-2017\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-08-23T04:47:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-25T09:31:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" 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